Application of Cost effective technology in Low cost Housing and their propagation/impact in the Kerala scenario

The study was carried out to assess the economics of various cost effective technology in comparison with the conventional technology. Cost effective technology means, from the given resources of funds, materials, land and skills, we should be able to build the maximum number of houses of good quality at an affordable cost.. The economy achieved in savings, during the adoption of various Cost Effective Technologies was compared and reviewed in detail in the research work. A detailed questionnaire survey has been carried out at various strata of the society, Economically Weaker Section (EWS), Low income groups (LIG) and Middle income groups (MIG ) to investigate the awareness of cost effective technology about the concepts, myths and practices in Kerala. A comparative evaluation of the various cost effective materials and methods has been done through data collection across that state from owners, vendors, contractors and construction workers. The sample of the study consists of respondents residing all over Kerala, covering. LIG, MIG and HIG. by the Random Sampling Method and the results were analyzed and interpreted by statistical tools. The target grouped aimed for the survey also consists of data collection across the state of Kerala from owners, vendors, contractors and construction worke

Internal Pressure & Free Volume of Potassium Chloride Solutions in Water- Dimethylformamide Mixtures

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Cost Effective Environment Friendly Technology in the context of Kerala Economy: A Conclusive Review

This paper deals with the conclusive review of Cost effective environment friendly technology in the context of Kerala economy. The study is carried out with respect to the cost minimization techniques adopted by various agencies in Kerala during the construction of the buildings. The findings of the study along with suggestions for effective propogation of Cost effective technology is formulated in this study with focus on guidelines for implementation of Cost effective technology and programs

Synthesis, Characterization and Activity of Sulphate-modified V2O5/SnO2 Catalysts

Sulphate-modified V2O5/SnO2 catalysts were prepared by a simple impregnation method and characterized using different physicochemical techniques, such as EDX, BET-SA, XRD, FT-IR, TGA and 51V NMR spectroscopy. A simple, effective and environmentally friendly method for the gas phase conversion of cyclohexanone oxime to ε-caprolactam by these modified catalysts is presented. The optimal protocol allows ε-caprolactam to be synthesized in excellent yields. NH3-TPD and cumene conversion reactions were used to determine the acid structural properties of the catalysts. Definite correlation was observed between the concentration of medium strength acid sites or Brønsted sites and the ε-caprolactam selectivity. Time-on-stream studies showed fast decline in the activity of the catalyst resulting fromthe basic nature of the reactant and product molecules.Keywords: Sulphated V2O5/SnO2 catalysts, acidity, vapour phase Beckmann rearrangemen

Ferromagnetic Ga₁ˍₓ Mnₓ As produced by ion implantation and pulsed-laser melting

We demonstrate the formation of ferromagneticGa₁ˍₓMnₓAsfilms by Mn ion implantation into GaAs followed by pulsed-laser melting. Irradiation with a single excimer laser pulse results in the epitaxial regrowth of the implanted layer with Mn substitutional fraction up to 80% and effective Curie temperature up to 29 K for samples with a maximum Mn concentration of x≈0.03. A remanent magnetization persisting above 85 K has been observed for samples with x≈0.10, in which 40% of the Mn resides on substitutional lattice sites. We find that the ferromagnetism in Ga₁ˍₓMnₓAs is rather robust to the presence of structural defects.The work at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098. The work at Harvard was supported by NASA Grant No. NAG8-1680. One of the authors ~M.A.S.! acknowledges support from an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship

Optimization of community based virtual power plant with embedded storage and renewable generation

© ICST Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering 2017. The current global challenge of climate change has made renewable energy usage very important. There is an ongoing drive for the deployment of renewable energy resource at the domestic level through feed-in tariff, etc. However, the intermittent nature of renewable energy has made storage a key priority. In this work, a community having a solar farm with energy storage embedded in the house of the energy consumers is considered. Consumers within the community are aggregated in to a local virtual power plant. Genetic algorithm was used to develop an optimized energy transaction for the virtual power plant with respect to differential pricing and renewable generation. The results show that it is feasible to have a virtual power plant setup in a local community that involve the use of renewable generation and embedded storage. The results show that both pricing and renewable generation window should be considered as a factor when setting up a virtual power plant that involve the use of storage and renewable generation at the community level. Also, when maximization of battery state of charge is considered as part of an optimization problem in a day ahead market, certain trade-off would have to be made on the profit of the virtual power plant, the incentive of the prosumer, as well as the provision of peak service to the grid.Published versio

Investigating the Impact of Cyber-Attack on Load Profile of Home Energy Management System

© 2018, ICST Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering. Load profile for a household is key to understanding and applying automated load scheduling executed by the Home Energy Management Systems (HEMS). The provision of securing this basic domestic information as well as preventing intruders from being able to accessing and modifying them should be a matter of high priority. Any malicious attack on this data will have serious impact on the performance of the load scheduling algorithms. This paper is an investigation of how the scheduled load profile of a household can be deformed due to false data injection on the original load profile as a result of cyber-attack on the HEMS. Various incremental false data levels are introduced during an optimization process and the corresponding effect on the overall scheduled load profile is evaluated to understand the actual impact of the cyber-attack. Results show that as noise attack level increases, the optimized load profile shrinks and approaches a straight line which is equivalent to the average value of the original load profile. The implication of having such a load profile as a schedule is the obvious excessive disruption of a household’s energy use which results to having appliances switched ON or OFF at highly undesired times of the day thereby exacerbating user inconvenience.This work was supported by the British Council and the UK Department of Business Innovation and Skills under GII funding for the SITARA project.Published versio